Problem B
All about that base
The base (or radix) of a positional numeral system is the number of symbols that can be used to represent a number in that system. The base $10$ system (also known as decimal) uses $10$ distinct symbols: $0, 1, \ldots , 9$. For example, we interpret the number $72345$ as:
\[ 7 \times 10^4 + 2 \times 10^3 + 3 \times 10^2 + 4 \times 10^1 + 5 \times 10^0. \]This example illustrates that in base $10$ the symbol at place $P\ge 0$ (starting from the right) is multiplied by $10^ P$ to get its value. More generally, in base $B$ we use $B$ symbols to represent $0, \ldots , B-1$, and the symbol at the $P$th place is multiplied by $B^ P$ to get its value.
Other bases commonly used in computation include base $2$ (or binary, using symbols $0$ and $1$), base $8$ (or octal, using symbols $0$–$7$), and base $16$ (or hexadecimal, using symbols $0$–$9$ and $a$–$f$). In bases higher than $10$, letters represent the higher values. Thus in hexadecimal $a$–$f$ represent the decimal values $10$–$15$, and in bases $\ge 36$ the letter $z$ represents the decimal value $35$.
Your job is to determine the bases in which given arithmetic expressions are valid. We define an expression as valid in base $B$ if two conditions are true. First, all the operands used are interpretable in base $B$ as having values in the decimal range $[1,2^{32}-1]$. Second, the expression is true. Any arbitrary expression might be valid in zero, one, or more bases. In this problem we will only consider bases $1$–$36$, where base $1$ is unary.
Note that following the convention listed above, unary would consist of a single symbol: $0$. In this problem, unary numbers use the symbol $1$ rather than $0$ (think “tally marks”). E.g., $111$ in unary is equivalent to the decimal number $3$ and $1111111$ in unary is equivalent to the decimal number $7$.
Input
Input for this problem starts with a line containing an integer $0\le N \le 20$. The following $N$ lines each contain an arithmetic expression with the following form:
\[ X ~ op ~ Y ~ = ~ Z \]where $X$, $Y$, and $Z$ are positive, whole numbers consisting of $1$ to $100$ symbols from the set $0$–$9$ and $a$–$z$, and $op$ is one of the four operators +, -, *, /. For each statement there is at least one base $1\le B \le 36$ such that $X$, $Y$, and $Z$ can all be interpreted in base $B$ as having values in the decimal range $[1,2^{32}-1]$.
Output
For each expression, list the bases in which the expression is valid (sorted in ascending base order) or the word “invalid” if the expression not valid in any of the bases $1$–$36$. Use symbols $1$–$9$, then $a$–$z$, then $0$ to represent bases $1$–$36$ (with the last symbol, $0$, representing base $36$).
| Sample Input 1 | Sample Output 1 |
|---|---|
8 6ef + d1 = 7c0 3 / 2 = 1 444 / 2 = 222 10111 * 11 = 1000101 10111 * 11 = 111221 5k - 1z = 46 1111111111 - 1111111 = 111 2048 - 512 = 1536 |
g invalid 56789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0 2 3456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0 invalid 1 a |
