Contest Format: This is a team-based contest. Each team may have up to three members working together on the problems.

Languages Allowed: Any programming language supported by Kattis.

Submissions: Teams may submit solutions multiple times. Only the best accepted result for each problem counts toward the scoreboard.

Judging: Problems are judged automatically by Kattis. Verdicts may include: Accepted, Wrong Answer, Time Limit Exceeded, Runtime Error, Memory Limit Exceeded, or Compilation Error.

Scoreboard: The contest uses ICPC-style scoring:

Teams are ranked by the number of problems solved.

Ties are broken by total penalty time.

Penalty includes time until the first accepted submission plus penalties for incorrect attempts.

Allowed Resources:

Teams may use built-in language libraries.

External code, AI tools, or assistance from outside the team is not allowed.

Internet browsing is not permitted, except for Kattis itself and the contest PDFs (if provided).

Communication: Discussion about contest problems is allowed only among team members. No communication with other teams or external individuals is permitted during the contest.

Input/Output Format: Follow the exact input and output specifications. Incorrect formatting (extra spaces, missing newlines, etc.) may lead to Wrong Answer verdicts.

Clarifications: If needed, submit clarification requests through the contest system.

Conduct: All teams must follow academic integrity rules. Any violation may result in disqualification.